Research

Jump to:

• eCHECKUP
• Motivational Interviewing
• Personalized Feedback
• Brief Interventions
• Challenging Expectancies
• Risk Perception Correction
• Social Norms Perception Correction
• Reflection and Evaluation
• Protective Behavior Strategies
• Follow-Up Text Messages
• Web-Based Interventions
• AUDIT

eCHECKUP

Doumas, D. M., Esp, S., Turrisi, R., Bond, L., & Flay, B. (2020). Efficacy of the eCHECKUP TO GO for high school seniors: sex differences in risk factors, protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol use. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 81(2), 135-143.

Doumas, D. M., Esp, S., Turrisi, R., & Bond, L. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the eCHECKUP to GO for High School Seniors across the Academic Year. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(13), 1923-1932.

Ganz, T., Braun, M., Laging, M., Schermelleh-Engel, K., Michalak, J., & Heidenreich, T. (2018). Effects of a stand-alone web-based electronic screening and brief intervention targeting alcohol use in university students of legal drinking age: A randomized controlled trial. Addictive behaviors, 77, 81-88.

Hennessy, E. A., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Mavridis, D., & Grant, S. P. (2019). Comparative effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for college students: Results from a network meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 20(5), 715-740.

Henry, S., Lange, J. E., & Wilson, L. (2004, October). Evaluation of e-CHUG integrated into two classroom-based alcohol interventions. In Abstract presented at the US Department of Education 18th Annual National Meeting on Alcohol, Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention in Higher Education, Washington, DC.

Prince, M. A., Tyskiewicz, A. J., Conner, B. T., Parnes, J. E., Shillington, A. M., George, M. W., & Riggs, N. R. (2021). Mechanisms of change in an adapted marijuana e-CHECKUP TO GO intervention on decreased college student cannabis use. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 124, 108308.

Motivational Interviewing

Huh, D., Mun, E. Y., Larimer, M. E., White, H. R., Ray, A. E., Rhew, I. C., Kim, S. Y., Jiao, Y., & Atkins, D. C. (2015). Brief motivational interventions for college student drinking may not be as powerful as we think: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 39(5), 919–931.

Lindson, N., Thompson, T. P., Ferrey, A., Lambert, J. D., Aveyard, P. (2019) Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Version published: 31 July 2019.

Magill, M., Apodaca, T. R., Borsari, B., Gaume, J., Hoadley, A., Gordon, R. E., ... & Moyers, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing process: Technical, relational, and conditional process models of change. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 86(2), 140

Miller, W. R., & Rose, G. S. (2009). Toward a theory of motivational interviewing. American psychologist, 64(6), 527.

Personalized Feedback

Angosta, J., Tomkins, M. M., & Neighbors, C. (2022). Incorporating Social Networks and Ezzvent-Specific Information in a Personalized Feedback Intervention to Reduce Drinking among Young Adults. Alcohol and Alcoholism.

Buckner, J. D., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lewis, E. M. (2020). On-line personalized feedback intervention for negative affect and cannabis: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28(2), 143.

Dotson, K. B., Dunn, M. E., & Bowers, C. A. (2015). Stand-alone personalized normative feedback for college student drinkers: A meta-analytic review, 2004 to 2014. PloS one, 10(10), e0139518.

Huh, D., Mun, E. Y., Larimer, M. E., White, H. R., Ray, A. E., Rhew, I. C., ... & Atkins, D. C. (2015). Brief motivational interventions for college student drinking may not be as powerful as we think: An individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(5), 919-931.

Humphreys, G., Evans, R., Makin, H., Cooke, R., & Jones, A. (2021). Identification of behavior change techniques from successful web-based interventions targeting alcohol consumption, binge eating, and gambling: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e22694.

Larimer, M. E., Lee, C. M., Kilmer, J. R., Fabiano, P. M., Stark, C. B., Geisner, I. M., ... & Neighbors, C. (2007). Personalized mailed feedback for college drinking prevention: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(2), 285.

Saxton, J., Rodda, S. N., Booth, N., Merkouris, S. S., & Dowling, N. A. (2021). The efficacy of Personalized Normative Feedback interventions across addictions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 16(4), e0248262.

Teeters, J. B., King, S. A., & Hubbard, S. M. (2021). A mobile phone–based brief intervention with personalized feedback and interactive text messaging is associated with changes in driving after cannabis use cognitions in a proof-of-concept pilot trial. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 29(2), 203.

Brief Interventions

Acuff, S. F., Voss, A. T., Dennhardt, A. A., Borsari, B., Martens, M. P., & Murphy, J. G. (2019). Brief motivational interventions are associated with reductions in alcohol‐induced blackouts among heavy drinking college students. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 43(5), 988-996.

Baer, J. S., Kivlahan, D. R., Blume, A. W., McKnight, P., & Marlatt, G. A. (2001). Brief intervention for heavy-drinking college students: 4-year follow-up and natural history. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1310-1316.

Hennessy, E. A., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Mavridis, D., & Grant, S. P. (2019). Comparative effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for college students: Results from a network meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 20(5), 715-740.

Mun, E. Y., Li, X., Lineberry, S., Tan, Z., Huh, D., Walters, S. T., ... & Project INTEGRATE Team. (2022). Do brief alcohol interventions reduce driving after drinking among college students? A two-step meta-analysis of individual participant data. Alcohol and alcoholism, 57(1), 125-135.

Tanner-Smith, E. E., Steinka-Fry, K. T., Hennessy, E. A., Lipsey, M. W., & Winters, K. C. (2015). Can brief alcohol interventions for youth also address concurrent illicit drug use? Results from a meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(5), 1011-1023.

Teeters, J. B., Soltis, K. E., & Murphy, J. G. (2018). A mobile phone–based brief intervention with personalized feedback and text messaging is associated with reductions in driving after drinking among college drinkers. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 79(5), 710-719.

Teeters, J. B., King, S. A., & Hubbard, S. M. (2021). A mobile phone–based brief intervention with personalized feedback and interactive text messaging is associated with changes in driving after cannabis use cognitions in a proof-of-concept pilot trial. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 29(2), 203.

Challenging Expectancies

Jones, B. T., Corbin, W., &Fromme, K. (2001). A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction, 96(1), 57-72.

Labbe, A. K., &Maisto, S. A. (2011). Alcohol expectancy challenges for college students: A narrative review. Clinical psychology review, 31(4), 673-683.

Montes, K. S., Witkiewitz, K., Pearson, M. R., & Leventhal, A. M. (2019). Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana expectancies as predictors of substance use initiation in adolescence: A longitudinal examination. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(1), 26.

Smit, K., Voogt, C., Hiemstra, M., Kleinjan, M., Otten, R., &Kuntsche, E. (2018). Development of alcohol expectancies and early alcohol use in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 60, 136-146.

Tyler, K. A., Schmitz, R. M., Adams, S. A., & Simons, L. G. (2017). Social factors, alcohol expectancy, and drinking behavior: A comparison of two college campuses. Journal of Substance Use, 22(4), 357-364.

Waddell, J. T., Corbin, W. R., Chassin, L., & Anderson, S. F. (2020). The prospective interactive effects of alcohol expectancies and subjective response on future drinking behavior. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology.

Risk Perception Correction

Carpino, M., Langille, D., Ilie, G., &Asbridge, M. (2020). Cannabis-related driving and passenger behaviours among high school students: a cross-sectional study using survey data. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 8(4), E754-E761.

Chomynova, P., Miller, P., & Beck, F. (2009). Perceived risks of alcohol and illicit drugs: relation to prevalence of use on individual and country level. Journal of Substance Use, 14(3-4), 250-264.

Dillard, A. J., Midboe, A. M., & Klein, W. M. (2009). The dark side of optimism: Unrealistic optimism about problems with alcohol predicts subsequent negative event experiences. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 35(11), 1540-1550.

Ferrer, R. A., & Klein, W. M. (2015). Risk perceptions and health behavior. Current opinion in psychology, 5, 85-89.

Moreland, A. D., Lopez, C. M., Goodrum, N., Goodrum, N., Gilmore, A. K., Borkman, A. L., ... & Danielson, C. K. (2020). Substance use prevention programming for adolescents and young adults: a mixed-method examination of substance use perceptions and use of prevention services. Substance use & misuse, 55(14), 2341-2347.

Pilatti, A., Read, J. P., &Pautassi, R. M. (2017). ELSA 2016 cohort: Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and their association with age of drug use onset, risk perception, and social norms in Argentinean college freshmen. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1452.

Rogowska, A., Kardasz, Z., &Zmaczyńska-Witek, B. (2020). Relation between current alcohol consumption and attitude towards alcohol use among students. AlkoholizmiNarkomania, 33(2).

Sheeran, P., Harris, P. R., &Epton, T. (2014). Does heightening risk appraisals change people’s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Psychological bulletin, 140(2), 511.

Thornton, L. K., Baker, A. L., Johnson, M. P., & Lewin, T. (2013). Perceived risk associated with tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among people with and without psychotic disorders. Addictive behaviors, 38(6), 2246-2251.

Terry-McElrath, Y. M., O'Malley, P. M., Patrick, M. E., &Miech, R. A. (2017). Risk is still relevant: Time-varying associations between perceived risk and marijuana use among US 12th grade students from 1991 to 2016. Addictive Behaviors, 74, 13-19.

Social Norms Perception Correction

Berkowitz, A., Bogen, K. W., Lopez, R. J. M., Mulla, M. M., &Orchowski, L. M. (2020). The Social Norms Approach as a Strategy to Prevent Violence Perpetrated by Men and Boys: A Review of the Literature. Forthcoming as.

Dotson, K. B., Dunn, M. E., & Bowers, C. A. (2015). Stand-alone personalized normative feedback for college student drinkers: A meta-analytic review, 2004 to 2014. PloS one, 10(10), e0139518.

Dumas, T. M., Davis, J. P., & Neighbors, C. (2019). How much does your peer group really drink? Examining the relative impact of overestimation, actual group drinking and perceived campus norms on university students' heavy alcohol use. Addictive behaviors, 90, 409-414.

Humphreys, G., Evans, R., Makin, H., Cooke, R., & Jones, A. (2021). Identification of behavior change techniques from successful web-based interventions targeting alcohol consumption, binge eating, and gambling: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e22694.

Kenney, S. R., DiGuiseppi, G. T., Meisel, M. K., Balestrieri, S. G., & Barnett, N. P. (2018). Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students. Addictive Behaviors, 84, 151-159.

Testa, M., Livingston, J. A., Wang, W., & Lewis, M. A. (2020). Preventing college sexual victimization by reducing hookups: A randomized controlled trial of a personalized normative feedback intervention. Prevention science, 21(3), 388-397.

Walther, C. A., Pedersen, S. L., Cheong, J., & Molina, B. S. (2017). The role of alcohol expectancies in the associations between close friend, typical college student, and personal alcohol use. Substance use & misuse, 52(12), 1656-1666.

Wolter, C., Lesener, T., Thomas, T. A., Hentschel, A. C., &Gusy, B. (2021). Finding the right balance: a social norms intervention to reduce heavy drinking in university students. Frontiers in public health, 9, 752.

Reflection and Evaluation

Carey, R. N., Connell, L. E., Johnston, M., Rothman, A. J., De Bruin, M., Kelly, M. P., & Michie, S. (2019). Behavior change techniques and their mechanisms of action: a synthesis of links described in published intervention literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(8), 693-707.

Garnett, C. V., Crane, D., Brown, J., Kaner, E. F., Beyer, F. R., Muirhead, C. R., ... & Michie, S. (2018). Behavior change techniques used in digital behavior change interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: a meta-regression. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52(6), 530-543.

Humphreys, G., Evans, R., Makin, H., Cooke, R., & Jones, A. (2021). Identification of behavior change techniques from successful web-based interventions targeting alcohol consumption, binge eating, and gambling: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e22694.

McKay, F. H., Wright, A., Shill, J., Stephens, H., &Uccellini, M. (2019). Using health and well-being apps for behavior change: a systematic search and rating of apps. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(7), e11926.

Milne-Ives, M., Lam, C., De Cock, C., Van Velthoven, M. H., &Meinert, E. (2020). Mobile apps for health behavior change in physical activity, diet, drug and alcohol use, and mental health: systematic review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(3), e17046.

Protective Behavior Strategies

Araas, T. E., & Adams, T. B. (2008). Protective behavioral strategies and negative alcohol-related consequences in college students. Journal of Drug Education, 38(3), 211-224.

Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., Pearson, M. R., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team. (2017). Can I use marijuana safely? An examination of distal antecedents, marijuana protective behavioral strategies, and marijuana outcomes. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 78(2), 203-212.

D'Lima, G. M., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2012). Protective behavioral strategies as a mediator and moderator of the relationship between self-regulation and alcohol-related consequences in first-year college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 330.

Fairlie, A. M., Hultgren, B. A., Lewis, M. A., & Lee, C. M. (2021). The link between planning and doing: Daily-level associations between college students’ plans for and use of alcohol-related protective behavioral strategies. Psychology of addictive behaviors., 35(5), 577–586.

LaBrie, J. W., Kenney, S. R., Lac, A., Garcia, J. A., & Ferraiolo, P. (2009). Mental and social health impacts the use of protective behavioral strategies in reducing risky drinking and alcohol consequences. Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 35.

LaBrie, J. W., Lac, A., Kenney, S. R., & Mirza, T. (2011). Protective behavioral strategies mediate the effect of drinking motives on alcohol use among heavy drinking college students: Gender and race differences. Addictive behaviors, 36(4), 354-361.

Li, X., Clarke, N., Kim, S. Y., Ray, A. E., Walters, S. T., & Mun, E. Y. (2020). Protective behavioral strategies are more helpful for avoiding alcohol-related problems for college drinkers who drink less. Journal of American college health, 1-7.

Martens, M. P., Taylor, K. K., Damann, K. M., Page, J. C., Mowry, E. S., &Cimini, M. D. (2004). Protective behavioral strategies when drinking alcohol and their relationship to negative alcohol-related consequences in college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(4), 390.

Neugebauer, R. T., Parnes, J. E., Prince, M. A., Conner, B. T., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team. (2019). Protective behavioral strategies mediate the relation between sensation seeking and marijuana-related consequences. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(6), 973-979.

Patrick, M. E., Lee, C. M., & Larimer, M. E. (2011). Drinking motives, protective behavioral strategies, and experienced consequences: Identifying students at risk. Addictive behaviors, 36(3), 270-273.

Pearson, M. R., & Bravo, A. J. (2019). Marijuana protective behavioral strategies and marijuana refusal self-efficacy: Independent and interactive effects on marijuana-related outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(4), 412.

Pedersen, E. R., Davis, J. P., Hummer, J. F., DiGuiseppi, G., Sedano, A., Rodriguez, A., & Clapp, J. D. (2020). Development of a measure to assess protective behavioral strategies for pregaming among young adults. Substance use & misuse, 55(4), 534-545.

Pedersen, E. R., Hummer, J. F., Rinker, D. V., Traylor, Z. K., & Neighbors, C. (2016). Measuring protective behavioral strategies for marijuana use among young adults. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 77(3), 441-450.

Pedersen, E. R., Huang, W., Dvorak, R. D., Prince, M. A., & Hummer, J. F. (2017). The Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale: Further examination using item response theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(5), 548.

Ray, A. E., Turrisi, R., Abar, B., & Peters, K. E. (2009). Social–cognitive correlates of protective drinking behaviors and alcohol-related consequences in college students. Addictive Behaviors, 34(11), 911-917.

Richards, D. K., Schwebel, F. J., Pearson, M. R., & Study Team, P. S. (2021). A test of interaction effects between cannabis protective behavioral strategies and antecedents of cannabis-related consequences. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 1-9.

Riggs, N. R., Conner, B. T., Parnes, J. E., Prince, M. A., Shillington, A. M., & George, M. W. (2018). Marijuana eCHECKUPTO GO: Effects of a personalized feedback plus protective behavioral strategies intervention for heavy marijuana-using college students. Drug and alcohol dependence, 190, 13-19.

Schwebel, F. J., Richards, D. K., Pearson, M. R., & Protective Strategies Study Team. (2021). A test of interaction effects between alcohol protective behavioral strategies and antecedents of alcohol-related consequences. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 106707.

Follow-Up Text Messages

Basu, S., Yadav, P., Banerjee, B., & Yadav, A. (2020). The effect of a clinic-based behavioral intervention in promoting enrolment in a text-message tobacco cessation program at a rural primary health clinic in Delhi, India. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 6.

Bock, B. C., Barnett, N. P., Thind, H., Rosen, R., Walaska, K., Traficante, R., ... & Scott-Sheldon, L. A. (2016). A text message intervention for alcohol risk reduction among community college students: TMAP. Addictive behaviors, 63, 107-113.

Cadigan, J. M., Martens, M. P., Dworkin, E. R., & Sher, K. J. (2019). The efficacy of an event-specific, text message, personalized drinking feedback intervention. Prevention Science, 20(6), 873-883.

Crombie, I. K., Irvine, L., Williams, B., Sniehotta, F. F., Petrie, D., Jones, C., ... &Achison, M. (2018). Texting to Reduce Alcohol Misuse (TRAM): main findings from a randomized controlled trial of a text message intervention to reduce binge drinking among disadvantaged men. Addiction, 113(9), 1609-1618.

Graham, A. L., Amato, M. S., Cha, S., Jacobs, M. A., Bottcher, M. M., &Papandonatos, G. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a vaping cessation text message program among young adult e-cigarette users: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA internal medicine, 181(7), 923-930.

Graham, A. L., Jacobs, M. A., Amato, M. S., Cha, S., Bottcher, M. M., &Papandonatos, G. D. (2020). Effectiveness of a quit vaping text message program in promoting abstinence among young adult e-cigarette users: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 9(5), e18327.

Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Scholz, U., Kowatsch, T., Schaub, M. P., & Radtke, T. (2020). Assessment of the efficacy of a mobile phone–delivered Just-in-time planning intervention to reduce alcohol use in adolescents: randomized controlled crossover trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(5), e16937.

Mason, M., Ola, B., Zaharakis, N., & Zhang, J. (2015). Text messaging interventions for adolescent and young adult substance use: a meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 16(2), 181-188.

Mason, M. J., Moore, M., & Brown, A. (2018). Young adults' perceptions of acceptability and effectiveness of a text message-delivered treatment for cannabis use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 93, 15-18.

Mason, M. J., Zaharakis, N. M., Moore, M., Brown, A., Garcia, C., Seibers, A., & Stephens, C. (2018). Who responds best to text-delivered cannabis use disorder treatment? A randomized clinical trial with young adults. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32(7), 699.

Merrill, J. E., Boyle, H. K., Barnett, N. P., & Carey, K. B. (2018). Delivering normative feedback to heavy drinking college students via text messaging: A pilot feasibility study. Addictive behaviors, 83, 175-181.

Müssener, U., Thomas, K., Linderoth, C., Leijon, M., &Bendtsen, M. (2018). A Text Message–Based Intervention Targeting Alcohol Consumption Among University Students: User Satisfaction and Acceptability Study. JMIR human factors, 5(3), e9641.

Nguyen, N., Nguyen, C., &Thrul, J. (2020). Digital health for assessment and intervention targeting tobacco and cannabis co-use. Current addiction reports, 7(3), 268-279.

Palmer, M., Sutherland, J., Barnard, S., Wynne, A., Rezel, E., Doel, A., ... & Free, C. (2018). The effectiveness of smoking cessation, physical activity/diet and alcohol reduction interventions delivered by mobile phones for the prevention of non-communicable diseases: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. PloS one, 13(1), e0189801.

Pedersen, E. R., Linnemayr, S., Shadel, W. G., Zutshi, R., DeYoreo, M., Cabreros, I., & Tucker, J. S. (2022). Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes from a Text Messaging-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among Young People Experiencing Homelessness. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 24(1), 130-134.

Russell, M. A., Bomysoad, R. N., Coatsworth, J. D., & Mason, M. J. (2022). Effects of a cannabis use disorder text message–delivered treatment on young adult alcohol misuse: Differential effects by gender. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 132, 108466.

Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Lantini, R. C., Jennings, E. G., Thind, H., Rosen, R. K., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., & Bock, B. C. (2016). Text messaging-based interventions for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 4(2), e5436.

Spohr, S. A., Nandy, R., Gandhiraj, D., Vemulapalli, A., Anne, S., & Walters, S. T. (2015). Efficacy of SMS text message interventions for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 56, 1-10.

Staiger, P. K., O'Donnell, R., Liknaitzky, P., Bush, R., & Milward, J. (2020). Mobile apps to reduce tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use: systematic review of the first decade. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(11), e17156.

Suffoletto, B., Kristan, J., Chung, T., Jeong, K., Fabio, A., Monti, P., & Clark, D. B. (2015). An interactive text message intervention to reduce binge drinking in young adults: a randomized controlled trial with 9-month outcomes. PloS one, 10(11), e0142877.

Suffoletto, B., Chung, T., Muench, F., Monti, P., & Clark, D. B. (2018). A text message intervention with adaptive goal support to reduce alcohol consumption among non-treatment-seeking young adults: non-randomized clinical trial with voluntary length of enrollment. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(2), e8530.

Web-Based Interventions

Anderson, E. J., McClelland, J., Krause, C. M., Krause, K. C., Garcia, D. O., & Koss, M. P. (2019). Web-based and mHealth interventions for intimate partner violence prevention: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 9(8), e029880.

Beneria, A., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Daigre, C., Tremain, H., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., McGorry, P. D., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2021). Online interventions for cannabis use among adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Early intervention in psychiatry.

Bewick, B. M., Trusler, K., Barkham, M., Hill, A. J., Cahill, J., & Mulhern, B. (2008). The effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease alcohol consumption—a systematic review. Preventive medicine, 47(1), 17-26.

Carey, K. B., Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Elliott, J. C., Bolles, J. R., & Carey, M. P. (2009). Computer-delivered interventions to reduce college student drinking: A meta-analysis. Addiction, 104(11), 1807-1819.

Cowell, A. J., Zarkin, G. A., Wedehase, B. J., Lerch, J., Walters, S. T., & Taxman, F. S. (2018). Cost and cost-effectiveness of computerized vs. in-person motivational interventions in the criminal justice system. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 87, 42-49.

Elliott, J. C., Carey, K. B., &Vanable, P. A. (2014). A preliminary evaluation of a web-based intervention for college marijuana use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(1), 288.

Ganz, T., Braun, M., Laging, M., Schermelleh-Engel, K., Michalak, J., & Heidenreich, T. (2018). Effects of a stand-alone web-based electronic screening and brief intervention targeting alcohol use in university students of legal drinking age: A randomized controlled trial. Addictive behaviors, 77, 81-88.

Gilbertson, R. J., Norton, T. R., Beery, S. H., & Lee, K. R. (2018). Web-based alcohol intervention in first-year college students: efficacy of full-program administration prior to second semester. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(6), 1021-1029.

Hustad, J. T., Barnett, N. P., Borsari, B., & Jackson, K. M. (2010). Web-based alcohol prevention for incoming college students: A randomized controlled trial. Addictive behaviors, 35(3), 183-189.

Leeman, R. F., Perez, E., Nogueira, C., & DeMartini, K. S. (2015). Very-brief, web-based interventions for reducing alcohol use and related problems among college students: a review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 6, 129.

Lerch, J., Walters, S. T., Tang, L., & Taxman, F. S. (2017). Effectiveness of a computerized motivational intervention on treatment initiation and substance use: Results from a randomized trial. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 80, 59-66.

Nguyen, N., Nguyen, C., &Thrul, J. (2020). Digital health for assessment and intervention targeting tobacco and cannabis co-use. Current addiction reports, 7(3), 268-279.

Pischke, C. R., Helmer, S. M., Pohlabeln, H., Muellmann, S., Schneider, S., Reintjes, R., ... &Zeeb, H. (2021). Effects of a brief web-based “social norms”-intervention on alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among German university students: results of a cluster-controlled trial conducted at eight universities. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 520.

Schwinn, T. M., Schinke, S. P., Keller, B., & Hopkins, J. (2019). Two-and three-year follow-up from a gender-specific, web-based drug abuse prevention program for adolescent girls. Addictive behaviors, 93, 86-92.

Zaharakis, N. M., Mason, M. J., &Berkel, C. (2022). Responsiveness to mHealth Intervention for Cannabis Use in Young Adults Predicts Improved Outcomes. Prevention Science, 1-6.

AUDIT

Allen, J. P., Litten, R. Z., Fertig, J. B., &Babor, T. (1997). A review of research on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 21(4), 613-619.

Babor, T. F., & Grant, M. (1989). From clinical research to secondary prevention: International collaboration in the development of the Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol Health & Research World, 13(4), 371-375.

Kelly, T. M., & Donovan, J. E. (2001). Confirmatory factor analyses of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) among adolescents treated in emergency departments. Journal of studies on alcohol, 62(6), 838-842.